1. Describe the 4 functions of bones.
Supporting the body
Protecting internal organs
Provide muscle attachment
Blood Cell Production
2. How many bones are there in the human body?
206
3. What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division.
Axal Skeleton - Skull, Sternum, clavicle, Vertebral column, and rib cage.
Appendicular skeleton - humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, and femur.
4. What bone makes up the upper arm?
Scapula and humerus
5. What bone makes up the face?
Skull
6. Name two bones that protect vital internal organs.
Rib cage and pelvis
7. What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side?
Ulna
8. What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to?
Vertabral column
9. What bone is also known as the shin bone?
tibia
10. Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage.
Thursday, February 21, 2008
Monday, February 4, 2008
Study Questions in Anatomy Text
Chapter 1: page 29
Critical Thinking Questions: 2 and 4
2. In many states, death is defined as "irreversible cessation of total brain function, "How is death defined in your state? How is thid definition related to the characteristics of life?
~Ive never really thougt about death as anything but every funtion in your body has shut
shut down. I really dont know what the definition related to the characteristics of life
4. If a patient complained of a stomachache and pointed to the umbilical region as the site of discomfort which organs located in this region might be the cause of the pain.
~ colon , large intestine, large intestine , bladder, cecum, and gallbladder.
Review Exercises:
Part A: 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, and 14
2. Distinguish between anatomy and physiology
~ Anatomy is the branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts and Physiology is the branch of science that studies body function.
4. List and discribe ten characteristics of life.
~ a. Movement - cahanging body position or moving internal parts.
b. Responsiveness - sensing and reacting to internal or external changes.
c. Growth - increasing in size without changing in shape.
d. Reproduction - producting offspring.
e. Respiration - obtaining oxygen, using oxygen to release energy from foods, and removing gaseous and wastes.
f. Disgestion - breaking down food substances into forms that can be absorbed.
g. Absorption - moving substances through membrances and into body fluids.
h. Circulation - moving substances through the body in body fluids.
i. Assimilation - changing substances into chemically different forms.
j. Excretion - removing body wastes.
6. List and describe five requirements of organisms.
~ water is used in many metabolic processes, provides the environment for metabolic reactions, and transports substance.
~ Nutrients supply energy, raw materials for building substances,a nd chemicals necessary in vital reaction.
~ Oxygen is used in releasing energy from nutrients; this energy drives metabolic reactions.
~ Heat is a product of metabolic reactions and helps contrl rates of these reactions.
~ Pressure is an application of force; in humans, atmospheric and hydrrostatic pressures help breathing and blood movements, respectively.
7. Explain how the idea of homeostasis relates to the five requierments you listed in item 6.
~if an organism is to survive, the condtions within its body fluids must remain relatively stable.
~The tendency to maintain a stable internal environment is called homeostais.
~Homeostatic mechanisms include those that regulate body temperature, blood pressure. and blood glucose concentration.
~Homeostatic mechanisms employnegative feedback.
11.Describe how homestatic mechanisms act by negative feedback.
~homeostasis is the consequence of a self-regulating control system that operates by a mechanism called negative feedback.
13.Distinguish between the axial and appendicular portions of the body.
~the human organism can be divided into an axial portions, which includes the head, neckm and trunk, and an appendicular portion, which includes the upper and lower limbs.
14.Distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities, and the smaller cavities within each.
~ventral cavity- hollow place within the body including the thoracic, abdominal, and pekvic cavities. and dorsal cavity-a hollow space in the posterior portion of the body containing the cranial cavity and vertebral canal.
Part B: 1 and 3
1. Name the body cavity housing ecach of the following organs:
~stomach-abdominal cavity
~heart-thoracic cavity
~brain-dorsal cavity
~liver-abdominal cavity
~trachea - thoracic cavity
~rectum - dorsal cavity
~ spinal cordventral cavity
~esophagus-dorsal cavity
~spleen- ventral cavity
~ urinary bladder-pelvic cavity
3. Prepare a sketch of a human body, and use lines to indicate each of the following sections:
?
Chapter 3: page 107 - 108
Critical Thinking Questions: 1
1. Which process-diffusion, osmosis, or filtration-accounts for the following situations?
Review Exercises: 2, 3, 12, 13, and 14
2. Describe how the shapes pf nerves, epithelial, and muscle cells are well suited to their functions.
~
3. Name the major components of a cell, and describe how they interact.
~ Cell membrane- the outermost limit of a cell, but it is more than a simple boundary surrounding the cellular contents.
12. Describe the structures and fuctions of each of the following:
a. endoplasmic reticulum -
b. ribosome -
c. Golgi apparatus -
Chapter 5: page 167
Review Exercises: 1, 2, and 12
Critical Thinking Questions: 2 and 4
2. In many states, death is defined as "irreversible cessation of total brain function, "How is death defined in your state? How is thid definition related to the characteristics of life?
~Ive never really thougt about death as anything but every funtion in your body has shut
shut down. I really dont know what the definition related to the characteristics of life
4. If a patient complained of a stomachache and pointed to the umbilical region as the site of discomfort which organs located in this region might be the cause of the pain.
~ colon , large intestine, large intestine , bladder, cecum, and gallbladder.
Review Exercises:
Part A: 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, and 14
2. Distinguish between anatomy and physiology
~ Anatomy is the branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts and Physiology is the branch of science that studies body function.
4. List and discribe ten characteristics of life.
~ a. Movement - cahanging body position or moving internal parts.
b. Responsiveness - sensing and reacting to internal or external changes.
c. Growth - increasing in size without changing in shape.
d. Reproduction - producting offspring.
e. Respiration - obtaining oxygen, using oxygen to release energy from foods, and removing gaseous and wastes.
f. Disgestion - breaking down food substances into forms that can be absorbed.
g. Absorption - moving substances through membrances and into body fluids.
h. Circulation - moving substances through the body in body fluids.
i. Assimilation - changing substances into chemically different forms.
j. Excretion - removing body wastes.
6. List and describe five requirements of organisms.
~ water is used in many metabolic processes, provides the environment for metabolic reactions, and transports substance.
~ Nutrients supply energy, raw materials for building substances,a nd chemicals necessary in vital reaction.
~ Oxygen is used in releasing energy from nutrients; this energy drives metabolic reactions.
~ Heat is a product of metabolic reactions and helps contrl rates of these reactions.
~ Pressure is an application of force; in humans, atmospheric and hydrrostatic pressures help breathing and blood movements, respectively.
7. Explain how the idea of homeostasis relates to the five requierments you listed in item 6.
~if an organism is to survive, the condtions within its body fluids must remain relatively stable.
~The tendency to maintain a stable internal environment is called homeostais.
~Homeostatic mechanisms include those that regulate body temperature, blood pressure. and blood glucose concentration.
~Homeostatic mechanisms employnegative feedback.
11.Describe how homestatic mechanisms act by negative feedback.
~homeostasis is the consequence of a self-regulating control system that operates by a mechanism called negative feedback.
13.Distinguish between the axial and appendicular portions of the body.
~the human organism can be divided into an axial portions, which includes the head, neckm and trunk, and an appendicular portion, which includes the upper and lower limbs.
14.Distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities, and the smaller cavities within each.
~ventral cavity- hollow place within the body including the thoracic, abdominal, and pekvic cavities. and dorsal cavity-a hollow space in the posterior portion of the body containing the cranial cavity and vertebral canal.
Part B: 1 and 3
1. Name the body cavity housing ecach of the following organs:
~stomach-abdominal cavity
~heart-thoracic cavity
~brain-dorsal cavity
~liver-abdominal cavity
~trachea - thoracic cavity
~rectum - dorsal cavity
~ spinal cordventral cavity
~esophagus-dorsal cavity
~spleen- ventral cavity
~ urinary bladder-pelvic cavity
3. Prepare a sketch of a human body, and use lines to indicate each of the following sections:
?
Chapter 3: page 107 - 108
Critical Thinking Questions: 1
1. Which process-diffusion, osmosis, or filtration-accounts for the following situations?
Review Exercises: 2, 3, 12, 13, and 14
2. Describe how the shapes pf nerves, epithelial, and muscle cells are well suited to their functions.
~
3. Name the major components of a cell, and describe how they interact.
~ Cell membrane- the outermost limit of a cell, but it is more than a simple boundary surrounding the cellular contents.
12. Describe the structures and fuctions of each of the following:
a. endoplasmic reticulum -
b. ribosome -
c. Golgi apparatus -
Chapter 5: page 167
Review Exercises: 1, 2, and 12
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